Cov khoom noj tsiaj uas khov qhuav ua li cas?

2. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj khov-qhuav

kev noj zaub mov ntau dhau

Cov txheej txheem ziab kom qhuav hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev yog cov txheej txheem ziab uas ua nyob rau hauv qhov kub qis heev thiab qib nqus tsev siab. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov khoom xyaw, cov khoom xyaw feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxygen thiab tsaus ntuj kiag li. Lub thermal denaturation me me, uas ua rau cov xim, aroma, saj thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom xyaw tshiab zoo. Thiab ua kom muaj ntau yam vitamins, carbohydrates, protein thiab lwm yam as-ham hauv cov khoom xyaw thiab chlorophyll, cov enzymes biological, amino acids thiab lwm yam as-ham thiab cov khoom qab.

Muaj zog saj zoo

Vim tias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem khov-qhuav, cov dej hauv cov khoom noj tau precipitated nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qub, uas zam txoj kev ziab dav dav, vim yog cov dej ntws sab hauv thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov khoom noj mus rau nws qhov chaw thiab cov as-ham raug nqa mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom noj, ua rau cov as-ham poob thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom noj tawv. Cov nqaij qhuav saj qab dua li qhov qub, txhim kho palatability.

Kev haus dej ntau

Hauv cov txheej txheem khov-qhuav, cov dej khov khov khov kho ua cov pa dej, tawm hauv cov qhov hws hauv cov khoom xyaw, yog li cov khoom noj tsiaj qhuav khov-qhuav muaj cov qauv qhuav spongiform porous, thiab yog li ntawd muaj qhov yaj sai thiab rov ua kom sai thiab yuav luag tiav. Tsuav yog ntxiv dej kom raug thaum noj, nws tuaj yeem rov qab los ua qhov tshiab hauv ob peb feeb mus rau ob peb feeb. Qhov no daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov dej tsawg ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj qhuav thiab ua rau cov tsiaj haus dej ntau ntxiv.

Kev khaws cia ntev heev

Cov khoom noj tsiaj uas khov qhuav lawm yog qhuav tag thiab tsis hnyav, yog li nws yooj yim heev rau siv lossis nqa, thiab feem ntau cov khoom noj tsiaj uas khov qhuav lawm yog ntim rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis lub thawv uas muaj nitrogen thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm lub teeb. Lub sijhawm khaws cia ntawm lub pob khoom kaw no ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txog li 3 txog 5 xyoos, lossis ntev dua.

3. Qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj uas khov thiab qhuav thiab cov khoom noj tsiaj uas qhuav yog dab tsi?

Cov khoom noj khov qhuav siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khov sai thiab sublimation hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, thaum cov khoom noj qhuav (xws li cov zaub hauv cov pob khoom noj sai yog cov khoom noj qhuav ib txwm muaj) feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhawb kom cov dej hauv cov khoom noj evaporation nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tswj hwm dag. Xws li kev ziab ntuj (qhuav hnub, ziab cua, ziab ntxoov ntxoo) thiab ziab dag (qhov cub, chav ziab, ziab tshuab, lwm yam ziab) thiab lwm txoj kev.

Cov khoom noj khov-qhuav feem ntau khaws cia feem ntau ntawm cov xim, aroma, saj thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj, thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov tsos, rov ua kom muaj zog, nws kuj tuaj yeem khaws cia tau ntev yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj preservatives, thiab nws tuaj yeem khaws cia qee cov vitamins thiab minerals, tab sis piv rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, nws feem ntau tsis muaj qee cov vitamins, xws li vitamin C.

Cov khoom noj uas qhuav dej feem ntau yuav muaj xim, tsw qab, saj thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig yuav hloov pauv, thiab qhov rov ua kom cov dej noo tsis zoo heev. Cov khoom noj uas qhuav dej thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia, feem ntau yooj yim dua rau kev lwj cov vitamins thiab minerals, yog li nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tsis zoo li cov khoom noj khov-qhuav.

Cov txheej txheem ua khoom noj tsiaj khov-qhuav

(1) Kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw

Kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw, xaiv cov nqaij qaib tshiab, os, nqaij nyuj, nqaij yaj, ntses thiab lwm yam.

(2) Kev kho mob ua ntej

Ua ntej yuav cov khoom siv raw zoo, cov khoom sib txawv muaj cov txheej txheem ua ntej sib txawv, feem ntau txiav cov khoom siv rau hauv cov duab xav tau, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav, blanching, sterilization, thiab lwm yam. Lub hom phiaj yog tshem tawm cov khib nyiab kom sublimate thiab qhuav, kom tiv thaiv cov rog ntau dhau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj oxidation thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm kev muaj autolyase ua haujlwm hauv nqaij. Tom qab ua tiav, cov ntaub ntawv raug muab tso rau hauv cov tais thiab npaj rau kauj ruam tom ntej.

(3), qhov kub qis ua ntej khov

Cov dej dawb hauv cov khoom xyaw nqaij tau khov kho, yog li cov khoom tiav lawm muaj tib lub duab tom qab ziab thiab ua ntej ziab, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv tsis rov qab xws li ua npuas dej, kev sib sau ua ke, ntsws thiab kev txav mus los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm ziab qhuav, thiab txo qhov txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj yaj thiab kev hloov pauv hauv lub neej yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov kub poob.

Tom qab ua tiav kev kho ua ntej lawm, cov khoom siv raw yuav raug khov rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom khov sai nrog kaum tawm degrees. Kev khov ua ntej yuav raug ua raws li qhov ceev khov ua ntej ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov kub tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev khov ua ntej, thiab lub sijhawm khov ua ntej. Cov khoom siv dav dav tuaj yeem pib nqus tsev sublimation 1-2 teev tom qab qhov kub ncav cuag qhov kub tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev khov ua ntej.

(4), khov kom qhuav

Feem ntau, kev ziab dej khov yog muab faib ua ob kauj ruam thiab theem: kev ziab sublimation thiab kev ziab desorption. Kev ziab sublimation kuj tseem hu ua theem thawj zaug ntawm kev ziab, cov khoom khov raug cua sov hauv lub thawv kaw, thaum tag nrho cov dej khov crystals raug tshem tawm, theem thawj zaug ntawm kev ziab tiav, lub sijhawm no kwv yees li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov dej raug tshem tawm. Kev ziab pib ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud thiab maj mam txav mus rau hauv, thiab qhov sib txawv tom qab sublimation ntawm cov dej khov crystals ua rau txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm cov pa dej sublimated.

Kev ziab desorption tseem hu ua theem ob ziab, thaum cov dej khov hauv cov khoom raug sublimed, qhov ziab ntawm cov khoom nkag mus rau theem ob. Tom qab theem thawj zaug ntawm kev ziab, kuj tseem muaj ib feem ntawm cov dej adsorbed rau ntawm phab ntsa capillary thiab cov pawg polar ntawm cov khoom qhuav, uas tsis khov. Thaum lawv mus txog qee qhov, lawv muab cov xwm txheej rau kev loj hlob thiab kev tsim cov kab mob me me thiab qee yam kev ua haujlwm. Yuav kom ua tiav cov dej noo seem ntawm cov khoom, txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom, thiab ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ziab ntxiv. Tom qab theem ob ntawm kev ziab, cov dej noo seem hauv cov khoom nyob ntawm hom khoom thiab cov kev xav tau. Nws feem ntau yog ntawm 0.45% thiab 4%.

(5) Cov khoom ntim tiav lawm

Khaws cov khoom noj tsiaj uas tau khov thiab qhuav rau hauv cov pob khoom kaw kom tsis txhob ntub dua.

5. Haum rau ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm tsiaj

Miv: Cov khoom noj miv qhuav feem ntau yog tsim los rau koj tus miv cov kev xav tau kev noj haus thiab muaj protein, vitamins thiab minerals ntau los pab tswj kom cov plaub mos mos thiab lub plab zom mov zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov miv uas nyiam noj nqaij, qee cov khoom noj miv qhuav yuav muaj ntau yam saj nqaij.

Rau dev: Cov khoom noj dev uas khov qhuav yuav raug tsim los ntawm kev tsom mus rau cov protein, vitamin thiab cov rog kom txhawb nqa koj tus dev lub zog thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau hom khoom noj rau dev ntawm ntau qhov loj me, hnub nyoog, thiab qib kev ua ub no, suav nrog cov khoom rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov, xws li dev uas muaj kev ua xua rau zaub mov tshwj xeeb, uas yuav muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb.

Lwm cov tsiaj: Ntxiv rau miv thiab dev, lwm cov tsiaj, xws li luav, hamsters, thiab lwm yam, kuj tseem muaj cov khoom noj khov tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom noj no feem ntau muaj cov as-ham tshwj xeeb uas cov tsiaj no xav tau, piv txwv li, rau luav tej zaum yuav muaj kev tsom mus rau cov fiber ntau, thiab rau hamsters tej zaum yuav muaj kev tsom mus rau qhov sib piv ntawm cov protein rau cov carbohydrates.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj uas khov-qhuav tau hloov pauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsiaj, thiab nws cov txheej txheem ziab qhuav hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev tso cai rau cov khoom noj tsiaj kom khaws cov xim, tsw qab, saj thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov khoom xyaw qub. Tib lub sijhawm, piv rau cov khoom noj tsiaj qhuav ib txwm muaj, cov khoom noj tsiaj khov-qhuav zoo dua hauv saj, lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb rau ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm cov tsiaj muab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab sib npaug rau cov tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom noj tsiaj khov-qhuav tsis yog tsuas yog haum rau cov tsiaj xws li miv thiab dev xwb, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lwm cov tsiaj xws li luav thiab hamsters. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom noj tsiaj tshiab no yuav ua rau muaj kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov tswv yim yug tsiaj.

Yog tias koj xav paub txog kev siv tshuab ua kom qhuav lossis ua cov khoom noj tsiaj uas ua kom qhuav, lossis xav paub ntxiv txog peb cov khoom, thov koj xav tiv tauj peb.tiv tauj pebPeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim txhua yam khoom siv khov-qhuav, suav nrogSiv lub tshuab ziab khov hauv tsev, Hom chaw kuaj mob khov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws,lub tshuab ziab khov tsavthiabkev tsim khoom siv ziab khovTxawm hais tias peb tsis muab khoom noj tsiaj, peb pab neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia thiab cov kev daws teeb meem rau koj txog kev siv tshuab ua kom qhuav. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis xav tau, thov hu rau peb lossis xa email rau peb thiab peb yuav zoo siab pab koj.